shortened tissue or fibrosis Ī tonic neural origin, i.e. The origin of the hyper-resistance can vary and arises from one or multiple of the following categories :Ī tissue-related non-neural origin, e.g. This joint hyper-resistance can severely impair both walking ability and functional independence. People with brain or neural injuries, such as cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury, commonly have an increased joint resistance (or ’hyper-resistance’).
Consequently, these results show the validity of the use of the technique for the integrated assessment and training of people with joint hyper-resistance in clinical practice. Our results show this agreement for the PC system identification technique on group-level. ConclusionĪn agreement with the neurophysiological basis on which PC algorithms are built is necessary to support its clinical application in people with joint hyper-resistance. The reflexive paired data points were moderately correlated, with \(r = \) in the ankle plantarflexors only. The intrinsic paired data points, with all subjects combined, were strongly correlated, with a range of \(r = \) in both ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors. between intrinsic stiffness and background EMG, and between reflexive gain and reflex EMG. Each hold period provided a paired data point between the PC-based estimates and neurophysiological measures, i.e. Participants completed 20 hold periods of 60 seconds, assumed to have constant joint impedance, with varying magnitudes of intrinsic and reflexive joint impedances across periods. Perturbations were applied to the ankle joint to elicit reflexes and allow for system identification. Ten healthy people participated in the study. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to perform a group-level neurophysiological validation of the PC system identification technique using electromyography (EMG) measurements.
This simultaneous validation is important given the mix of tonic and phasic contributions to joint hyper-resistance. However, a simultaneous neurophysiological validation of both intrinsic and reflexive joint impedances is lacking. The parallel-cascade (PC) system identification technique offers a potential solution to disentangle the intrinsic (tonic) and reflexive (phasic) contributions to joint impedance, i.e. Diagnosis and treatment of joint hyper-resistance is challenging due to a mix of tonic and phasic contributions. People with brain or neural injuries, such as cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury, commonly have joint hyper-resistance.
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